Exploring the mechanism of Xihuang Pill's anti-hyperplasia of mammary glands effect based on UPLC-Q-orbitrap-MS technology / 药学学报

Based on UPLC-Q-orbitrap-MS and biological network analysis tools, the mechanism of Xihuang Pill in improving hyperplasia of mammary glands was systematically analyzed. The rat model of hyperplasia of mammary glands was established by intramuscular injection of estradiol benzoate and progesterone. LC-MS tissue metabolomics was used to explore the key metabolites and metabolic pathways of Xihuang Pill in improving hyperplasia of mammary glands in rat. The network analysis of the key metabolites regulated by Xihuang Pill was carried out by integrating biological network analysis tools, focusing on the key metabolic pathways, and exploring the potential targets of Xihuang Pill to improve hyperplasia of mammary glands. Compared with the control group, there were significant differences in the content of 49 differential metabolites in the tissues of the model group (P < 0.05). Xihuang Pills could significantly call back 17 metabolites such as L-alanine, threonine, indole-3-carboxylic aldehyde, lysine, arginine, alanylleucine, glycyltyrosine, γ-glutamyl leucine, vitamin B3, serine leucine, threonine leucine, isoleucine glutamic acid, γ-glutamyl tyrosine, decanoyl-L-carnitine, uric acid, leucylleucine, S-adenosyl-methionine. Further network analysis and literature research on the key metabolites regulated by Xihuang Pills showed that the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway may be one of the important pathways for Xihuang Pills to improve hyperplasia of mammary glands. STAT3, MAPK1, EGFR, CASP3, CASP8, PRKCA and JUN in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway may be potential targets for Xihuang Pills to improve hyperplasia of mammary glands. The animal experiment operations involved in this paper follow the provisions of the Animal Ethics Committee of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and pass the ethical review of animal experiments (approval number: 2022-705).

Clinical behavior of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma in the palate: a systematic review

Purpose: This systematic review analyzed the clinical behavior and odds of malignancy of the palatal recurrent pleomorphic adenomas. Methods: Systematic review of patients with recurrent pleomorphic adenoma arising in the palate. Database search: MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, EMBASE, Virtual Health Library, Google Scholar, and OpenGrey. A binomial logistic regression was performed to assess the odds of detecting recurrence five, 10 and 20 years after the treatment of primary tumor. Results: Thirteen studies (n = 18 patients) out of 336 were included. The recurrent pleomorphic adenoma in palate was more common in females (61.6%), average age was 49 years old (range 9-73 years old). Four patients progressed to malignant transformation. The odds ratio (OR) of detecting a recurrence at 10 (OR = 5.57; 95% confidence interval - 95%CI 1.13-27.52), and 20 years (OR = 18.78; 95%CI 3.18-110.84) after treatment of primary pleomorphic adenoma was significantly higher than at one-year follow-up. Conclusions: The recurrence of pleomorphic adenoma in palate remains a rare event of late occurrence. It mainly affects middle-aged female and carries a risk of malignant transformation. Although uncommon, patients with palatal pleomorphic adenoma should be warned about the possibility of recurrence or malignant transformation of tumor at advanced ages.

Evaluation of Meibomian gland dysfunction using meibography in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess Meibomian gland dysfunction using meibography in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum and correlate with ocular surface changes. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. All patients underwent a comprehensive and standardized interview. The best-corrected visual acuity of each eye was determined. Detailed ophthalmic examination was conducted, including biomicroscopy examination of the ocular surface, Schirmer test type I, and meibography, and fundus examination was also performed when possible. Meibomian gland dysfunction was assessed by non-contact meibography using Oculus Keratograph® 5M (OCULUS Inc., Arlington, WA, USA). Saliva samples were collected using the Oragene DNA Self-collection kit (DNA Genotek Inc., Ottawa, Canada), and DNA was extracted as recommended by the manufacturer. Factors associated with abnormal meiboscores were assessed using generalized estimating equation models. Results: A total of 42 participants were enrolled, and 27 patients underwent meibography. The meiboscore was abnormal in the upper eyelid in 8 (29.6%) patients and in the lower eyelid in 17 (62.9%). The likelihood of having abnormal meiboscores in the lower eyelid was 16.3 times greater than that in the upper eyelid. In the final multivariate model, age (p=0.001), mutation profile (p=0.006), and presence of ocular surface malignant tumor (OSMT) (p=0.014) remained significant for abnormal meiboscores. For a 1-year increase in age, the likelihood of abnormal meiboscores increased by 12%. Eyes with OSMT were 58.8 times more likely to have abnormal meiboscores than eyes without ocular surface malignant tumor. Conclusion: In the final model, age, xeroderma pigmentosum profile, previous cancer, and clinical alterations on the eyelid correlated with a meiboscore of ≥2. Meibomian gland dysfunction was common in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum, mainly in the lower eyelid. The severity of Meibomian gland dysfunction increases with age and is associated with severe eyelid changes.

Instability of tear film and loss of meibomian glands in patients with acne vulgaris / Instabilidade do filme lacrimal e perda de glândulas meibomianas em pacientes com acne vulgaris

ABSTRACT Purpose: In this prospective study, we compared ocular clinical variables in patients with acne vulgaris with those of healthy controls. These variables included tear film break-up time, meibomian gland dropout rate, and anterior chamber parameters. Methods: Our sample comprised 73 eyes from 73 patients with acne vulgaris and 67 eyes from 67 healthy controls. All participants underwent a non-invasive first tear film break-up time test and the average tear film break-up time was evaluated. Meibography was used to identify any meibomian gland dropout. The parameters of the cornea and anterior chamber were measured using Scheimpflug topography imaging. Finally, the ocular surface disease index questionnaire was administered to score each participant on their subjective experience of ocular complaints. Results: The noninvasive first tear film break-up time values of the acne vulgaris Group and the control Group were 4.7 ± 2.8 and 6.4 ± 3.5 sec, respectively. There was a significant difference between the groups (p=0.016). The number of eyes with tear break-up at any time during the measurement period was also significantly higher in the acne Group (p=0.018). In the acne vulgaris Group, the mean meibomian gland dropout rates were 33.21 ± 15.5% in the upper lids and 45.4 ± 14.5% in the lower lids. In the control group, these rates were 15.7 ± 6.9% and 21 ± 9.7% respectively. Dropout was significantly higher in the acne group for both the upper and lower lids (p=0.000). Conclusion: We found impaired tear stability in patients with acne vulgaris and a high rate of meibomian gland dropout. These glands play a key role in tear stability and their dropout is likely to result in evaporative dry eye. Measurement of the variables in this study allows objective diagnosis of this condition using a non-invasive, dye-free methodology, with minimum contact.

RESUMO Objetivo: Neste estudo prospectivo, pacientes com acne vulgaris e indivíduos saudáveis do grupo controle foram comparados em relação ao tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, taxa de abandono de glândulas meibomianas e parâmetros da câmara anterior, usando o tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal topográfico não invasivo, meibografia não invasiva e fotografia de Scheimpflug, respectivamente. Métodos: Setenta e três olhos de 73 pacientes com acne vulgaris e 67 olhos de 67 indivíduos saudáveis foram incluídos. Todos os participantes submetidos ao primeiro tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal não-invasivo e ao tempo médio de ruptura do filme lacrimal não-invasivo foram avaliados pelo uso do tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal; perda de glândulas meibomianas foram avaliadas por meibografia; os parâmetros da córnea e da câmara anterior foram medidos por fotografia de Scheimpflug; e, finalmente, as queixas oculares subjetivas foram pontuadas com o uso do questionário do Indice de doenças de superfície ocular. Resultados: Os valores do tempo de ruptura do primeiro filme lacrimal não-invasivo do Grupo com acne vulgaris e do Grupo controle foram 4,7 ± 2,8 e 6,4 ± 3,5 segundos, respectivamente, refererindo-se a uma diferença significativa entre os valores dos grupos (p=0,016). Qualitativamente, o número de olhos com ruptura lacrimal a qualquer momento durante o período de medição foi significativamente maior no grupo de pacientes. (p=0,018). No Grupo com acne vulgaris, a perda de glândulas meibomianas nas pálpebras superiores foi de 33,21 ± 15,5% e nas pálpebras inferiores foi de 45,4 ± 14,5%; por outro lado, no Grupo controle foi de 15,7 ± 6,9% e 21 ± 9,7% respectivamente; ambos os casos referem-se a uma diferença significativa entre os grupos (p=0,000). Conclusão: Encontramos estabilidade comprometida do filme lacrimal em pacientes com acne vulgaris. No entanto, o comprometimento foi de grau muito menor, em comparação com a taxa de perda das glândulas meibomianas que desempenham um papel fundamental na estabilidade do filme lacrimal. Esta condição pode ser documentada de forma objetiva - uma metodologia parcialmente sem contato, totalmente não-invasiva e livre de corantes.

Clinical manifestations of I-131 induced salivary gland dysfunction in patients with thyroid carcinoma

Aim: To carry out a retrospective analysis of the frequency and severity of clinical signs of radioiodine (131I)-induced damage to the salivary glands in the early and long-term post-radiation periods, and identify risk factors for their occurrence in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Methods: A total of 330 patients underwent thyroidectomy with dissection of lymphatic nodes. One month after surgery, all the patients received radioiodine therapy. The dose and number of courses varied depending on the stage and morphological type of the tumor. In the late post-radiation period, the patients were surveyed with the use of a standard questionnaire, which allowed retrospective assessment of the nature and severity of symptoms of radiationinduced damage, as well as the time of their onset/subsidence. Results: Radiation-induced sialoadenitis of the salivary glands was observed in 51.2% of patients treated with 131I. The main symptoms included pain and discomfort in the salivary glands (51.2% of patients), swelling (48.8%), transient or permanent dry mouth (38%), and distortion of taste (38%). There were statistically significant correlations between the presence and severity of the main clinical symptoms of salivary gland irradiation. A significant relationship (r = 0.91, p < 0.001) was found between swelling of the salivary glands and the feeling of pain or discomfort, which was indicative of inflammation and retention of saliva. Conclusion: The main factors influencing the formation of chronic radiation-induced sialoadenitis and the severity of the inflammatory process included the tumor stage, the total dose of radiopharmaceuticals, and the duration following radioiodine therapy

Characterization of Salivary Gland Pain: A Review of the Literature / Caracterización del Dolor de Glándulas Salivales: Revisión de la Literatura

SUMMARY: The salivary glands in pathological conditions produce countless different clinical presentations, and due to their complex neuroanatomy, their pain symptoms vary widely. However, in the literature to date, few studies characterize salivary gland pain. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review concerning the clinical characteristics of pain in various salivary gland pathologies. A literature review was done through a systematic search of scientific articles in the Web of Science (WoS), MEDLINE, Scopus, and Elton B. Stephens Company (EBSCO) databases. The free terms "salivary gland", "parotid gland", "submaxillary gland", "sublingual gland", and "pain" were used along with the Boolean operators OR and AND. The search yielded a total of 1896 articles, of which 60 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were ultimately included in this review. It is described that pain is a nonspecific symptom of a glandular pathology and is characterized mainly by the location of the pain, which is correlated with the anatomical location of the affected salivary gland. Among the painful salivary gland pathologies, we found inflammatory disorders, including infections, obstructions, disorders secondary to hyposalivation; systemic autoimmune diseases; neoplasms, and neuropathic pain disorders. The diagnosis and management of salivary gland pain require knowledge of the causes and mechanisms of the pain, and it is to recognize the signs and symptoms of salivary gland disorders to be able to diagnose and treat them.

Las glándulas salivales en condiciones patológicas producen un sinfín de presentaciones clínicas diferentes, y debido a su compleja neuroanatomía generan variaciones en su sintomatología dolorosa. Sin embargo, en la literatura hasta ahora son escasos los estudios que caracterizan el dolor de glándulas salivales. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión de la literatura respecto a las características clínicas del dolor en diversas patologías de glándulas salivales. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura, a través de la búsqueda sistemática de artículos científicos en las bases de datos Web of Science (WoS), MEDLINE, Scopus y Elton B. Stephens Company (EBSCO). A través de los términos libres: "salivary gland", "parotid gland", "submaxillary gland", "sublingual gland", "pain", junto con los operadores booleanos OR y AND. La búsqueda arrojó un total de 1896 artículos, de los cuales 60 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y fueron finalmente incluidos en esta revisión. Se describe que el dolor es un síntoma poco específico para la patología glandular y está caracterizado principalmente por la localización del dolor, el cual se correlaciona con la ubicación anatómica de la glándula salival afectada. Dentro de las patologías dolorosas de glándulas salivales encontramos los trastornos inflamatorios, incluidas infecciones, obstrucciones, trastornos secundarios a hiposalivación; enfermedades sistémicas autoinmunes; neoplasias y trastornos de dolor neuropático. El diagnóstico y manejo del dolor de glándulas salivales requiere del conocimiento de las causas y mecanismos del dolor, siendo necesario reconocer los signos y síntomas de los trastornos de glándulas salivales para ser capaces de diagnosticarlos y tratarlos.

Importancia del diagnóstico precoz en el carcinoma mucoepidermoide. Relato de caso clínico / Importance of early diagnosis in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Case report

El carcinoma mucoepidermoide es el tumor maligno más frecuente de las glándulas salivales menores localizándose por lo general en el paladar. El objetivo del presente reporte de caso es evidenciar en la literatura científica la importancia del diagnóstico precoz de carcinomas orales, así como, el rol fundamental que cumple el odontólogo general para identificar, guiar y derivar al paciente a un especialista. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de sexo masculino que acudió a la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción, quien fue derivado por su odontóloga tras percibir un pequeño pero perceptible cambio en la coloración normal de la mucosa y molestias ocasionales en la zona del paladar duro. Al examen intraoral se observó en el paladar duro, a la altura de los premolares en la hemiarcada izquierda, una lesión nodular ovoidea, color violáceo, de 1cm de diámetro, depresible a la palpación. Se realizó una biopsia incisional para su estudio histopatológico, reportando un carcinoma mucoepidermoide. El diagnóstico precoz de este tipo de patologías es un desafío para el odontólogo general, quien debe orientar al paciente, ante cualquier cambio de la estructura normal de la cavidad bucal, para que acuda a un especialista.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most frequent malignant tumor of the minor salivary glands, usually located in the palate. The objective of this case report is to demonstrate in the Paraguayan scientific literature the importance of early diagnosis of oral carcinomas as well as the fundamental role of the general dentist in identifying, guiding and referring the patient to the corresponding specialist. The clinical case presented is about a male patient who attended the Faculty of Dentistry of the National University of Asuncion. His dentist referred him after noticing a small but perceptible change in the normal coloration of the mucosa and occasional discomfort in the area of the hard palate. In the intraoral examination, an ovoid nodular lesion, purplish in color, 1cm in diameter, depressible on palpation, observed on the hard palate at the level of the premolars in the left hemiarch. An incisional biopsy performed for histopathological study, reporting a mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Regarding the early diagnosis of this type of pathology, the challenge for the general dentist will continues to be his continuous training in order to be able to successfully guide the patient in seeking care from the right specialist in case of any change in the oral cavity.

Functional and morphological evaluation of the meibomian glands and ocular surface assessment at high altitude

Purpose: To compare the function and morphology of the meibomian glands and the ocular surface of individuals from highland and lowland. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial. The study was performed with 104 individuals (51 individuals from the highland and 53 individuals from the lowland). Detailed eye examinations comprising tear meniscus height, lipid layer grading, non?invasive Keratograph tear breakup time (NIKBUT), and scoring of the meibomian glands from the upper and lower eyelids of the individuals were performed by Keratograph 5M (OCULUS, Wetzlar, Germany). Symptoms related to dry eye disease were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Results: In the highland group, tear meniscus height was lower (P = 0.024), lipid layer grade, as well as all the meiboscores were higher (P < 0.05) than that in the lowland group. The OSDI (P = 0.018) and the percentage of dry eye disease were also higher as compared to that of the lowland group (P = 0.032). The first NIKBUT and average NIKBUT did not differ significantly between groups. The frequency of plugged meibomian gland orifices was greater in the lowland group compared to the highland group (P = 0.036). Conclusion: It was observed that dry eye disease was more common in the highland group. The morphological changes of meibomian gland dropout were significant in highlanders as demonstrated objectively with Keratograph 5M. Our study may raise a concern for environmental influences on ocular surface changes

Biometry of the Submandibular Salivary Glands in Indian Population Using Computed Tomography : A Retrospective Study

Objectives : To study the biometric measurements of the submandibular salivary gland in the Indian population using Computed Tomography. Materials and Methods : From the available database, 300 patients who have undergone Computed Tomography without any salivary gland disease, the CT scans were retrospectively evaluated. The CT scans were obtained with TOSHIBA Activion 16 slice CT machine. The antero-posterior, transverse and cranio-caudal dimensions of bilateral submandibular salivary glands were measured in the axial, coronal and sagittal planes. Results : The mean CT measurements of the patients included was 2.0 ± 0.38 cm in Antero-posterior, 2.1 ± 0.31 cm in Transverse and 2.90 ± 0.27 cm in Cranio-caudal dimensions. The average volume of the submandibular gland was 6.68 ± 0.21 cc.

Histogram analysis in the differentiation between adrenal adenomas and pheochromocytomas: the value of a single measurement / Análise por histograma para diferenciação entre adenomas da adrenal e feocromocitomas: o valor de uma medida única

Abstract Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of histogram analysis on unenhanced computed tomography (CT) for differentiating between adrenal adenomas and pheochromocytomas (PCCs). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively identified patients with proven PCCs who had undergone CT examinations between January 2009 and July 2019 at one of two institutions. For each PCC, we selected one or two adenomas diagnosed within two weeks of the date of diagnosis of the PCC. For each lesion, two readers scored the size, determined the mean attenuation, and generated a voxel histogram. The 10th percentile (P10) was obtained from the conventional histogram analysis, as well as being calculated with the following formula: P10 = mean attenuation - (1.282 × standard deviation). The mean attenuation threshold, histogram analysis (observed) P10, and calculated P10 (calcP10) were compared in terms of their diagnostic accuracy. Results: We included 52 adenomas and 29 PCCs. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the mean attenuation threshold were 75.0%, 100.0%, and 82.5%, respectively, for reader 1, whereas they were 71.5%, 100.0%, and 81.5%, respectively, for reader 2. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the observed P10 and calcP10 were equal for both readers: 90.4%, 96.5%, and 92.6%, respectively, for reader 1; and 92.3%, 93.1%, and 92.6%, respectively, for reader 2. The increase in sensitivity was significant for both readers (p = 0.009 and p = 0.005, respectively). Conclusion: For differentiating between adenomas and PCCs, the histogram analysis (observed P10 and calcP10) appears to outperform the mean attenuation threshold as a diagnostic criterion.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a acurácia diagnóstica da análise por histograma na tomografia computadorizada (TC) sem contraste para a diferenciação entre adenomas adrenais e feocromocitomas (FCCs). Materiais e Métodos: Identificamos, retrospectivamente, pacientes com diagnóstico de FCC confirmado que foram submetidos a exames de TC entre janeiro de 2009 e julho de 2019 em duas instituições distintas. Para cada FCC, selecionamos um ou dois adenomas diagnosticados em até duas semanas da data do diagnóstico do FCC. Para cada lesão, dois leitores pontuaram o tamanho, determinaram a atenuação média e geraram um histograma com os voxels das imagens. O percentil 10 (P10) foi obtido a partir da análise convencional do histograma, além de ser calculado com a seguinte fórmula: P10 = atenuação média - (1,282 × desvio-padrão). O limiar de atenuação média, o P10 da análise por histograma (P10 observado) e o P10 calculado (P10calc) foram comparados em termos de acurácia diagnóstica. Resultados: Foram incluídos 52 adenomas e 29 FCCs. A sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia do limiar de atenuação média foram de 75,0%, 100,0% e 82,5% para o leitor 1, respectivamente, e de 71,5%, 100,0% e 81,5% para o leitor 2, respectivamente. A sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia do P10 observado e do P10calc foram idênticas para os dois leitores: 90,4%, 96,5% e 92,6%, respectivamente, para o leitor 1; e 92,3%, 93,1% e 92,6%, respectivamente, para o leitor 2. O aumento da sensibilidade foi significativo para ambos os leitores (p = 0,009 e p = 0,005, respectivamente). Conclusão: Para a diferenciação entre adenomas e FCCs, a análise por histograma (P10 observado ou P10calc) parece superar o limiar de atenuação média como critério diagnóstico.

Frecuencia de la cavidad ósea de Stafne. Un análisis retrospectivo en radiografías panorámicas / Frequency of Stafne's bone cavity. A retrospective analysis in panoramic radiographs

Introducción: La cavidad ósea de Stafne es una variante anatómica poco frecuente, radiolúcida y bien delimitada, que usualmente se presenta en la región molar cerca del ángulo mandibular y por debajo del canal para el nervio dentario inferior. Es frecuente que sea erróneamente diagnosticada con otras entidades de carácter patológico. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de la cavidad ósea de Stafne en las radiografías panorámicas del Servicio de Radiología Oral y Maxilofacial del Centro Dental Docente "Cayetano Heredia", desde 2015 hasta 2019. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de una muestra de 17875 radiografías panorámicas. Se consideraron las variables demográficas como el sexo, la edad, la localización y la forma, posteriormente se realizaron tablas de contenido para el análisis de los datos. Resultados: Entre los 17875 pacientes, solo 24 (0,13 por ciento) presentaban cavidad ósea de Stafne, incluidos 16 hombres y 8 mujeres. La octava década de vida presentó la mayor cantidad de casos con 6 (0,4 por ciento). La localización posterior derecha contó con 13 (54,17 por ciento), la posterior izquierda con 7 (29,17 por ciento) y la anterior con 4 (16,67 por ciento). La forma ovalada con 23 (95,83 por ciento) y la redonda solo con 1 (4,17 por ciento). Conclusiones: La frecuencia de la cavidad ósea de Stafne fue de 0,13 por ciento con predilección del sexo masculino, la octava década de vida, la localización posterior derecha y la forma ovalada(AU)

Introduction: Stafne's bone cavity is a rare, radiolucent, well-demarcated anatomic variant that usually occurs in the molar region near the mandibular angle and below the canal for the inferior dental nerve. It is frequently misdiagnosed with other pathological entities. Objective: To determine the frequency of Stafne's bone cavity in panoramic radiographs of the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Service of the Teaching Dental Care Center "Cayetano Heredia", from 2015 to 2019. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study was performed on a sample of 17875 panoramic radiographs. Demographic variables such as gender, age, location and shape were considered; subsequently tables of contents were performed for data analysis. Results: Among the 17875 patients, only 24 (0.13 percent) had Stafne's bone cavity, including 16 males and 8 females. The eighth decade of life presented the highest number of cases with 6 (0.4 percent). The right posterior location accounted for 13 (54.17 percent), the left posterior with 7 (29.17 percent) and the anterior with 4 (16.67 percent). The oval shape with 23 (95.83 percent) and round with only 1 (4.17 percent). Conclusions: The frequency of Stafne's bone cavity was 0.13 percent with male sex predilection, eighth decade of life, right posterior location and oval shape(AU)

Mielolipoma gigante unilateral de la glándula suprarrenal. Reporte de caso

Introducción: Los tumores de la glándula suprarrenal son inusuales y por lo general son hallados de forma incidental por estudios de imágenes. Dentro de este grupo los mielolipomas son uno de los tumores más raros, considerados el 2% de los tumores suprarrenales. Caso Clínico: Presentamos una paciente femenina de 60 años de edad con antecedentes de dolor a tipo cólico de forma esporádica a nivel del hipocondrio derecho. La ecografía abdominal detectó colelitiasis y una masa sugerente de adenoma suprarrenal izquierdo. La tomografía abdominal corroboró el tumor suprarrenal gigante y la litiasis vesicular. Se realizó suprarrenalectomía y colecistectomía convencional sin complicaciones. El diagnóstico histopatológico mostró un mielolipoma suprarrenal y una colecistitis crónica. Discusión: El mielolipoma suprarrenal es infrecuente, la etiología se desconoce, por lo general es asintomático y su hallazgo es incidental, habitualmente son unilaterales, menores a 4cm y la incidencia aumenta con la edad. Conclusiones: Cuando los mielolipomas alcanzan dimensiones mayores de 10cm se recomienda realizar una suprarrenalectomía convencional.

Introduction: Adrenal gland tumors are unusual and are usually found incidentally by imaging studies. Within this group, myelolipomas are one of the rarest tumors, considered 2% of adrenal tumors. Clinical case: We present a 60-year-old female patient with a history of sporadically colicky pain at the level of the right hypochondrium. Abdominal ultrasound revealed cholelithiasis and a mass suggestive of a left adrenal adenoma. Abdominal tomography confirmed a giant adrenal tumor and gallstones. An adrenalectomy and conventional cholecystectomy were performed without complications. The histopathological diagnosis showed an adrenal myelolipoma and chronic cholecystitis. Discussion: Adrenal myelolipoma is infrequent, the etiology is unknown, it is usually asymptomatic and its finding is incidental, they are usually unilateral, smaller than 4cm and the incidence increases with age. Conclusions: When myelolipomas reach dimensions greater than 10cm, conventional adrenalectomy is recommended. In selected cases.

NECROTIZING SIALOMETAPLASIA OF PALATE A RARE CASE REPORT

Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is a rare benign reactive necrotizing in?ammatory process that affects the minor salivary gland and frequently mimics cancer on both a clinical and histopathological level. Case Study : We report the case of a 21-year-old healthy man who had throat pain and non-healing ulcer over soft palate for the past one month, with pain during swallowing.Histopathological analysis and an incisional biopsy were performed on the patient. Necrotizing sialometaplasia was the histologically determined diagnosis. Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a self-limiting disorder of salivary glands mostly affecting the hard palate.The duration of the healing process is usually related to the size of the lesion.The recurrence rate of Necrotizing Sialometaplasia is low.Even a full thickness palatal lesion heals completely within 6 months.

Enfermedad de Fox-Fordyce: reporte de un caso / Fox-Fordyce disease: a case report

Resumen La enfermedad de Fox-Fordyce (EFF) es un trastorno inflamatorio crónicopoco frecuente de las glándulas apocrinas. Afecta comúnmente a mujeres entre los 13-35 años. Su etiopatogenia es multifactorial. Se caracteriza por pápulas foliculares pruriginosas dispuestas en zonas que contienen las glándulas mencionadas. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de 30 años, con pápulas foliculares en axilas compatibles con enfermedad de Fox-Fordyce. El propósito deeste trabajo es presentar una entidad infrecuente y brindar una revisión bibliográfica repasando los diagnósticos diferenciales y las opciones terapéuticas disponibles.

Abstract Fox-Fordyce disease (FFD) is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder of the apocrine glands. It commonly affects women between 13-35 years. Its etiopathogenesis is multifactorial. This disorder is characterized by pruritic follicular papules arranged in areas containing the aforementioned glands. We reporta clinical case of a 30-year-old female patient, with follicular papules on armpits compatible with Fox-Fordyce disease. The purpose of this paper is to report a uncommon entity while providing a bibliographical revision highlighting the differential diagnoses and their available therapeutic options.

Siringofibroadenoma écrino em paciente tetraplégico por mielite transversa / Eccrine syringofibroadenoma in a patient with quadriplegia following transverse myelitis

O siringofibroadenoma écrino (SFAE) é um tumor benigno raro que se origina das glândulas sudoríparas écrinas. Apresenta predileção pelas extremidades de indivíduos idosos e pode surgir em associação com várias doenças adquiridas ou hereditárias e com afecções cutâneas neoplásicas. Relatamos caso de homem de 48 anos, tetraplégico por mielite transversa há 30 anos, com tumoração plantar rapidamente progressiva de difícil diagnóstico

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma (EFAS) is a rare benign tumor that originates from the eccrine sweat glands. It has a predilection for the extremities of elderly individuals and may arise in association with various acquired or hereditary pathologies and neoplastic skin disorders. We report the case of a 48-year-old man who had been quadriplegic due to transverse myelitis for 30 years, with a rapidly progressive plantar tumor that was difficult to diagnose.

Nevus apocrino puro: una entidad raramente sospechada / Pure apocrine nevus: a rarely suspected entity

Los nevus apocrinos puros son hamartomas de las unidades pilosebáceas caracterizadas por proliferaciones benignas de glándulas apocrinas maduras, la cual es una descripción microscópica realizada en los reportes de patología sin que se nombre el diagnóstico exacto. Considerando además, los diagnósticos diferenciales clínicos y la baja frecuencia de este diagnóstico, presentamos un caso clínico y una revisión del tema

Pure apocrine nevi are hamartomas of the pilosebaceous units characterized by benign proliferations of mature apocrine glands, which is a microscopic description made in pathology reports without the exact diagnosis being named. Considering the clinical differential diagnoses and its low frequency, we present a case report and a review of the literature on this topic

Effects of wearing orthokeratology lens on ocular surface and meibomian gland in children and adolescents of different ages / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the effect of orthokeratology lens on ocular surface and meibomian gland in children and adolescents of different ages.METHODS: A total of 120 cases(240 eyes)of myopic children and adolescents treated in the optometry clinic of our hospital from December 2020 to February 2021 were retrospectively selected, and they were divided into the orthokeratology group(60 cases, 120 eyes)and the frame glasses group(60 cases, 120 eyes)according to the myopia correction methods. The changes in ocular surface and meibomian gland after wearing glasses were analyzed, and those changes in patients of different ages were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: Corneal curvature decreased, non-invasive tear film break-up time(NIBUT)shortened and meibomian gland score increased at 3, 6, 9 and 12mo in the orthokeratology group after wearing lens, while lower tear meniscus height increased at 6, 9 and 12mo compared with that before wearing lens. In the frame glasses group, the lower tear meniscus height was higher at 6 and 9mo than that before wearing glasses(both P&#x003C;0.05). At the same time point, the corneal curvature of the orthokeratology group was significantly lower than that of the frame glasses group at all time points, the NIBUT at 3, 9 and 12mo after wearing the lens was shorter than that of the frame glasses group and the meibomian gland scores were higher at 6, 9 and 12mo than those at the same time point in the glasses group(all P&#x003C;0.05). After wearing lens for 12mo, the corneal curvature of the orthokeratology group at all ages was significantly lower than that of the frame glasses group, the NIBUT of the orthokeratology group at 8 to 12 years old and 13 to 15 years old was significantly lower than that of the frame glasses group, and the meibomian gland score was significantly higher than that of the frame glasses group(all P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: Orthokeratology lens may affect the ocular surface and meibomian glands function, and the effects on ocular surface are more pronounced in children and adolescents under 12 years old. Therefore, younger children and adolescents could be prioritized for myopia correction with framed glasses, and then wearing orthokeratology lens when they get older.

Research progress of tight junction protein Claudin of salivary glands / 口腔医学

@#Tight junction(TJ) is complex dynamic system involved in protein interactions in the paracellular secretory pathway, with both barrier and fence functions. Claudin family, the main section of tight junction strands, will be abnormal in expression pattern in the circumstances of radiation injuries, inflammation, Sj?gren's syndrome, diabetes and other pathological conditions in salivary glands. This change leads to abnormal structure and function of tight junctions, indirectly manifested as salivary gland dysfunction. In addition, the difference of Claudin expression in salivary gland tumors can also be used as an indicator of tumor type and prognosis. This review focuses on the progress of research on common Claudin in salivary glands, including the structure, function, expression patterns of related diseases and their applications. It is believed that the review may provide new ideas for clinical and basic research on Claudin protein-related diseases.

Update on salivary gland transplantation in severe dry eye / 中华实验眼科杂志

As a chronic eye disease caused by multiple factors, the treatment of dry eye disease (DED) should be individualized according to the cause and severity of the disease.In patients with severe DED who have lost lacrimal secretion but have not suffered severe damage to the salivary glands, autologous salivary gland transplantation may help bring hope to these patients if conventional treatments are not effective enough.According to the literature, the three major salivary glands and the minor salivary glands have been used as lacrimal gland replacements.Studies have shown that submandibular glands not only have a high gland survival rate after transplantation, but also maintain secretory activity after transplantation and therefore successfully serve as lacrimal gland replacement.During the up to 180-month follow-up period, the subjective symptoms and signs of DED such as dryness, foreign body sensation, and other objective indicators related to DED such as visual acuity and tear film break-up time are effectively improved.Among the minor salivary glands, the labial glands have been proven to maintain secretory function during the up to ten-year follow-up period after transplantation according to the literature, and have therefore become an alternative lacrimal gland replacement.This review summarized the indications, surgical techniques, efficacy evaluation, modulation of salivary flow and complications of the surgery, involving three major salivary glands, parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands, and minor salivary glands among which labial glands are most commonly used.

Function of peribiliary glands as well as its relationship with ischemic-type biliary lesions / 中华消化外科杂志

Peribiliary glands (PBG) is a kind of microscopic structure around the intra-hepatic bile ducts and extrahepatic bile ducts. PBG not only participates in maintaining the normal physiological function of biliary epithelial tissue, but also plays an important role in its damage and repair process. Biliary tree stem/progenitor cells in PBG are important cell sources of biliary epithelial regeneration and repair. PBG and the surrounding peribiliary vascular plexus are key influencing factors for the occurrence of ischemic-type biliary lesions (ITBL) after liver transplantation. Based on relevant literatures and clinical practice, the authors summarize the function of PBG as well as its relationship with ITBL.